Opzip3^r-icrliLx Th~i^ 1 a l g o r i t h m s o u m c d e x If word Length < 5 or > 18 or word contains a digit, exit. Copy first Letter to output. While the next Letter is the same as the first, skip a Letter. Rssert 'duplicates are to be ignored'. For each remaining Letter except the Last if Letter is in Caeiouywh) skip it but assert 'duplicates not to be ignored' else if letter is in (cgjkqsxz) hold it as 'c' else if letter is in CbfpvD hold it as "b" else if letter is in (dt) hold it as 'd' else if letter is in Cmn) hold it as 'm' else (letter is "l" or 'r'} hold it unchanged. Unless previous output character is the same as this one and duplicates are to be ignored, copy held letter to output. Rssert 'duplicates are to be ignored'. If final letter is in (aiouy) copy "y" to output, otherwise treat it as previous letters. End. Examples: economics 3 economic 3 --> ecmmc # ecomonic 3 *econmic rabbit ) rabid 3 rapid 3 repeat 3 --> ecmc Crepeated vowel 3 "m" because of intervening --> rbd sociology 3 *socidLogy 3 --> ""sociolgy 3 sclcy 151- T h e w o r d - m a t c h i n g a L g o r i t h i Bet best score to zero. For each word in the candidate List Set score to zero. For each Letter (except the first} If the Letter aLso occurs anywhere in the user's word RND this Letter has not aLready been counted, increase score by one and mark the Letter (in the user's word) as 'aLready counted". If score is better than best so far, or score is equal to best so far but this word is shorter, save this word as 'best so far•. If any of the foLLowing four conditions hoLd, return faiLure and exit: best score is Less than (Length of user's word - 2) user's word has five Letters and best score is Less than four user's word has fewer than nine Letters and best match is more than one Letter shorter or Longer user's word has more than eight Letters and best match is more than two Letters shorter or Longer otherwise return success (best match wiLL be offered to user}. End. -152- RpDp^er-icliLx E E x - t r^ sic=-fc s Key 3 f r o m s L o g -F i L e Lines from the Log are in roman, comments and annotations in italic. The first character in each Line identifies the type of data : Terminal and program identification Date and time to nearest second Comment Screen identification User searches and commands Elapsed time to nearest second since last w E " or M T W Lme. L Lookup. Contains enough information to reconstruct what was displayed on the screen. D Only used here to show number of items with maximum possible weight, minimum good weight and minimum acceptable weight. These figures can be used to deduce how the result of a search was presented to the user . X Suggested spelling correction. Use of the !b, !X for 1 he yellow timeout is The Log I SOC 30-Oct-86 195 Terminal and program identification. The date is a program revision date. version code 195 shows that this is the £XF system. T 861104092641 Date and time 5 5CR1 Introductory screen (Fig 7 A) U EG User presses green key I T C 5 U E coloured function keys is Logged as !R, !Y, !B, red, yellow, blue, green, black respectively. key had no effect, but is still logged. R logged as IT. The -153- fipper)dix 3 C ** Start T 861104033400 5 5CR7.1 Search input screen (Fig 7.2) U relationship and social classes!6 User enters a search and keys green - E +34 - this took 34 seconds. L relationship (228), social C6257), classes (565), Lookup. The numbers are the number of postings as shown to the user. E +4 Lookup took A seconds. E 430 System displays 'Looking for books ..' and performs the merge, which took 30 seconds 0 rfPW=1 NGW=4 NRW=512 Merge found 1 book with max. poss. weight; 3 more books with m m . good weight and more than 500 books altogether. u !&;G:G:G!G:&:G;G:&:G:R User presed green key 10 times and saw the first 10 records, then the red key - E *191 - spending 131 seconds Looking at records. (these systems don't use a brief display). screen C BR: No brief (0), FR: (10), records, 10 full records This led to second or subsequent input 5 5CR7.2 Last key user pressed was red (IR). (Fig 7.13). U social relationship and classes in great britamlG E +51 Qnother related (narrower) search by the same user. L social (6257), relationship (228), classes C565), great britain (11019), GREP7 BRITAIN is a phrase in the 'go/see list1. E 43 E 462 This merge of about 30,000 postings (strong stems are not shown in the log) took over a minute. This is nearing the limits of acceptability. one. Luckily, not many searches are as heavy as this 0 r m = 0 NGIV*11 r£U!=128 u :6;&:&;G!G:G!G:G;G:G:G:G;G:B!G:G:G!G!G:G:G!G!G;G:6;G:G;6:G;G:G:G:G:6:G:G;G:6: G:G;G:G:G!G;G:G!G;G:G:R E 4322 C BR: ( 0 ) , FR: (49), 5 5CR7.2 U relation sIR User starts to type another search, but abandons it by pressing the red key. E 419 T 861104094556 C tt Finish - duration 716 sec(s) The duration shown is the time from the timestamp after the "Start1 comment to the timestamp before the 'Finish' comment. 5 5CR1 -154- Appendix 3 From here on, many lines of the tog have been removed. u :G C « Start T 861104120248 5 5CR7.1 Start of a long sequence of related I) german media IG E +7 L german (1665), media (433), E +2 E +4 0 r*PW=6 NGW=6 NFW=6 searches. u :G:G;G:G:G;G;G:R E +133 C BR: (0), FR: (6), 5 5CR7.2 U oerman press;G E +5 This user can type. Screen display time, thinking time and 13 keystrokes took only 5 seconds. L german (1665), press (475), E +2 E +6 0 N-PW=21 NGU'=21 rW,:=21 u :G:G;G:G:G:G:G:G;6:G;G:G:G;G:G:G:G;G:G:&:G:R E +260 C BR: (0), FR: (21), 5 5CR7.2 U german jouralismlG E +8 L german (1665), jouralism GF, U !R User aborts search instead of correcting. 5 5ER7.2 U german broadcasting!G L) german radiolti U german television!G ( soviet media !G J U soviet press IG U soviet journal ism!G l) german journal ism !G May not have noticed misspelling. -1E55- Rppendix 3 T 861104122137 C »* Finish - duration 1129 sec(s) 5 5CR1 u :G C » Start T 8611041222S1 Although only 74 seconds have elapsed this is almost certainty a different user. S 5CR7.1 U social organizations of prisonJG E +45 L social (6257), organizations (1732), prison (102), The spelling standardisation ensures that 'organisation(s)' is also included. E +1 E +37 0 WRIM NGVM3 NFW=143 u ;G;G:G:X E +40 C BR: (0), FR: (3), T 661104122454 C ** Finish - duration 123 sects) 5 5CR1 U IB C ** Start T 861104122848 Different user. 5 SCR7.1 U rape lb E +15 Probably unfamiliar with the catalogue. Few people take 15 seconds to make 6 keystrokes, so user was probably reading the screen. L rape (16), E +C E +1 0 t m = 1 6 NGUM6 NRUM6 u :6:6:6:B:G:B:G:G:6:G:G;6:B:G:G;6:G:X E +482 Eight minutes looking at 16 records. C BR: (0), FR: (16), T 861104123706 C ** Finish - duration 498 sec(s) 5 SCR1 U !G -156- l-lppendix 3 C tt Start T 86110412373b Cannot assume different user - only 29 seconds time lapse. search ended with black key is not a reliable indicator. 5 5CR7.1 U maternal deprivation^ The fact that previous 0 t*PW=5 r£Wr5 r«U=67 E C T C +430 BR: (0), FR: (543, 861104124526 *t Finish - duration 473 seels) 5 5CR1 u :G C <* Start T 661104124551 S 5CR7.1 U role of women as mothers and feminist viewslG 0 r*fw=0 NGW=0 NRV.!=4 This search is too precise to work well. Two of the four books found might be judged relevant, but there is nothing in the catalogue indexed under WOMAN/WOMEN and M O T H E R S and FEMINIST/FEMINISM. u :G:G;G:G:G:X E +306 User spent more than five minutes looking at andlor making a note of these four records. C BR: (0), FR: (4), T 861104125235 C tt Finish - duration 404 sec(s) C » Start T 86.1104145533 5 5CR7.1 U economic development in the third world IG E +55 L economic (5545), development (3364), third world (482), THIRD WORLD is a phrase, eguivalenced to DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES etc E +2 E +34 0 rm=188 NGIM31 t*W=482 u :G:G:G:G:G:G:G:G:G:G:G:6:G:G:R E +60 C BR: (0), FR: (14), -157- Flppendxx 3 5 5CR7.2 U transforming traditional agriculture! 1 5 This is a t i t l e . 0 WfW=1 NDU'=2 NPW=13 C BR: (03, PR: (13, 5 5CR7.2 U agarian reformlG (2 dels] Use of the white (delete') key is logged. E +21 L agarian (23, reform (4123, RbQRIRN finds misspellings ('Essays in agarian history') i n the catalogue, l/ser doesn't notice - o rm=o E L 5 NGW=O u ;G:G;G:G;B;R mw=2 and even Looks at one of the records twice. +74 BR: (03, FR: (33, 5CR7.2 Many more related searches, some probably for specific titles. T B61104151212 C ** Finish - duration 999 sec(s3 5 5CR1 U !G C ** Start T 861104151934 5 5CR7.1 U conciliation in industrial relationslG 'Industrial relations' is a phrase in the 'go/see' list. 0 u E E 5 NtPVJr12 NGUM2 SRU=29 :G:G:G:G:G:G:G:G:G:G:G:R +30 BR: (03, FR: (113, 5CR7.2 U industrial relationslG Broader search. 0 W f l M 7 5 N&W=475 NAUM75 u :G:G:G:G:G:G;G:G:6:&!R E +33 L BR: (03, FR: (103, 5 5CR7.2 U IT Leaves terminal to time out from the input screen. _ 1CO- Oppendjix 3 E +80 1 861104152236 C tt Finish - duration 182 sects) 5 5CR1 U !G C tt 5tart T 861104153342 5 5CR7.1 U economics ddictionaryJG The duplicated 'd' may be due to the 'auto-repeat' function. Online catalogue terminals should have this function disabled. E *15 L economics (55453, ddictionary CF, X dictionary System suggests a correction U iG - which the user accepts. L dictionary (1326), 0 rff\M5 NGAM5 NRU=45 (Weak) stemming works well here. Without stemming this search retrieves only the 28 books which have 'economies' and 'dictionary' in the title. The Library of Congress Subject Heading is 'Economics - dictionaries'. u :6:G:6:6!B:B:B:G;G;G:b:G!6!G!G:6:G:G:6:G!G!6:G:G:G:o:i3:G!6:6!G:G:&:G!G!b:G:6: G!6I.G!G;G:G:G;G:G;G:6!G:G:6!G>.G:G;G!X Blue key used to look at some of the records E i238 C BR: (0), FR: (51), T 861104153825 C ** Finish - duration 263 sec(s) 5 5CR1 again. -159- ttfzifD&r-idd-x I^Jo-tes o n ^ s o m e -FeidLLeczl s e s s i o n s repeating These s e s - These a r e t h e e x p e r i m e n t e r ' s n o t e s t a k e n w h i l e s e a r c h e s w h i c h t h e u s e r r e p o r t e d as f a i l u r e s . sions are discussed i n 8.4.2. 1 13.11.86 CONTROL [system] 12.41 HtfSO employment statistics 1386 Retrieves 0 hPW (max. poss weight), 0 6 (good weight), 1 (acceptable weight) W Looks at t h i s record and presses Olreen] Kley] another 3 times. Obviously not sure what to do. Record not u s e f u l : 'employment' and 'hmso' employment s t a t i s t i c s finds 30 of mpw. employment s t a t i s t i c s 1986 i s not i n the f i l e . (There are 6 records under ' 1 3 8 6 ' . ) Describes 2 subject as: 'Government s t a t i s t i c a l data' 3.11.86 CONTROL 13.03 Unemployment 111 mpw Looks at 38 before deciding that it is too general. Employment structure 2 mpw Looks at each record twice: false co-ordination. 'North East Lancashire Structure Plan survey report. Employment and industry* The use of time-span of discretion to measure the level of work in employment roles and to arrange an equitable payment structure.' Employment structures in britain since 1345 86 naw Looks at first 2 First 10 are on 'britain' and '1945' althou^i some are on economics. ['Occupational structure' gives 3 nmpw which are probably better.] Describes subject as 'Employment structures' Unsuccesful - nothing useful found. -160- Rppendix 4 3 3.11.86 CONTROL 13.08 Sterling 16 nmpw, 6 Looked at. Unsuccessful - nothing useful found - 'Not really one on shares1 Describes subject as: 'Economics sterling shares and gold'. 5eems to want effect of sterling on shares. 4 3.11.86 CONTROL 17.05 Sociology of shopping IBF ['no books match your search'] Shopping 149 mi 50 looked at Anthropology of shopping 264 acceptable weight (all either 'anthropology' or 'shop(ping)' Rled H e y ] Unsuccessful - nothing useful found. 'Didn't expect any [useful general*. 'consumer behaviour' finds 53 mpw '5hopping behaviour1 finds 2 hPW, one of which is good. 5 4.11.86 EXPERIMENTAL 13.36 aids 302 mpw Looks at 12 - all false drops acquired immunity deficiency syndrome 2 aw Looked at. Both fds or marginally relevant. aquired immune deficiency syndrome f& Unsuccessful - nothing useful found. 6 4.11.86 E>PERIr£NTPL 14.01 Generric X Generic li.e. system suggests 'generic'] User presses RK (aborts search) Generic social 1 Gl i" Looks at it work in Britain -161- Rppendix 4 Unsuccessful - nothing useful. 7 5.11.86 CONTROL 15.16 Recent changes in Londons economy 13 Oil RLl looked at PLL contain 'recent' and one other word 'changes in Londons economy' finds 14 gw, 29 aw, the 14 contain 'economy' and 'changes', 15 contain 'London' and one of the others. 'Londons economy' finds 8 mpw, 1 of which is v good 8 6.11.66 EXPERIhENTO. 12.01 Economic trends 27 mpw - Looks at 3 Obviously too general - many different countries Employment trends post-war 52 aw - Looks at first one Social economics employment trends post-war 9 aw - Looks at 4. Several Look generally relevant but not specifically about employment. employment trends in england 3 gw, 234 aw 'work post-war' finds 7 mpw, 72 aw. One good. Unsuccessful - but useful books found These searches demonstrate the importance of hitting on the correct word which be odd. For example: 'employment patterns', 'work patterns' and 'labour trends give good records. 9 6.11.86 DPERIrtNTPL 13.50 The work of social work The work of social work today Ihe functions of contempory (sicJ social work Tasks of social workers today fl definition of social work Meaning of social work Uhat is social work Development of social work tasks What social workers do Social policy and the tasks of social work -162- Qppendxx 4 Altruism Selfless sciot RED KEY fsicJ Selfless activity and social work tasks 5pelling correction suggests 'sleepless' Presses Bllue] K 10 or so times Replaces 'selfless' with 'unselfish action' Can't Find 'unselfish' Green Key Ccauses to ignore) and then Red Key (which aborts) Selflessness and social work RK Perspectives in social work Unsuccessful - nothing useful found. 5ome of these searches seem to work well (e.g. 'tasks of social workers today') but see below. User commented that it only found basic books which she already knew about. She complained that it couldn't find synonyms for unmatched words 10 6.11.86 EXPERIfCNTPL 15.37 Job evaluation Successful Textile industry 20 mpw, 20 gw, 35 aw Looks at all 35 Input output tables 2 mpw ,28 gw ,28 aw Looks at 3 Unsuccessful - nothing useful. 11 6.11.86 EXPERIrENTPL 17.35 Truancy CF, BK, rfiF Absenteeism 7 Looks at 7 -163- Appendix 4 School absenteeism 0 mpw, 0 gw, 7 aw hll absenteeism only - Looks at 1st Unsuccessful - 'nothing useful found ' ['Truant* gives 1 and is a good record.] Commented 'Didn't expect to find anything - just checking' 12 10.11.86 EXPEf^tNTPL 14.26 Feuerbdch CF G KBF K Philosophy > 512 RK Hegel 34 Looks at 34 K rflRK/FEUERBOCH Black key Unsuccessful - nothing useful found. 13 10.11.86 EXPERIMENTAL 14.46 How to beat unemployment 0 mpw, 0 gw, 118 aw Looks at 7 Layard CF BK RK Macroeconomics and the British economy 5 13 110 Looks at 1 Unsuccessful - useful material found. 14 10.11.86 EXPERIMENTAL 17.10 House of commons 235 mp*> Looks at 18 -164- appendix 4 Parliament and the Law 43 mpw Looks at atL, 1 twice The passing of laws 4 mpw, 4 gw, 28 aw Looks at 27. [3 of the mpw are false coordination as ahbw to pass exams in law'.] Passing of laws by the House of Commons 28 aw Looks at all Parliament and legislation 23 mpw Looks at all Unsuccessful - useful books found He defines his search as: 'the mechanics of passing legislation' 'Parliament procedure* gives 3 mpw and they all look good. 15 11.11.86 CONTROL 11.36 Developement of amnca Ftorica CF BK Britain [replaces 'ftnrica' by 'Britain'] 1 book found [under the file misspelling 'developement'] Looks at it America as a developing country 0 7 16 Looks at all Britain as a developing country 0 7 41/ Looks at 50 Unsuccessful - useful books found. Defines subject as: 'economic development of Britain in the 18th century'. This oral definition gives good results. 16 11.11.86 CONTROL 13.56 Britain in indi 3 3 16 ['indi' is weak stem from 'indies'] 8 records looked at British rule in India 3 8 34 15 looked at -16b- Qppendix 4 The advantage of India to b r i t a i n i n colonial rule 0 02 Looks at both Unsuccessful - nothing useful found - 'It's a bit hard to communicate with it1 17 11.11.86 CONTROL 15.10 The police 201 npw Looks at 23 Unsuccessful - useful books found, said that he located too many books and couldn't be bothered to browse thru them all. First several were useful but were in Law Library and couldn't be bothered to go there. PlpDfZJ^r-icrli x E5 terms used i n list} the L i s t of equivalence classes of e x p e r i m e n t a l c a t a l o g u e Cgo/see 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, f i r s t , i , one, 1 second, i i , two, 2 t h i r d , i i i , three, 3 fourth, i v , four, 4 f i f t h , v, f i v e , 5 sixth, v i , six, 6 seventh, v i i , seven, 7 8th, eighth, v i i i , eight, 8 9th, n i n t h , i x , nine, 9 10th, t e n t h , x, ten, 10 16th, s i x t e e n t h , sixteen, 16 17th, seventeenth, seventeen, 17 18th, eighteenth, eighteen, 18 19th, nineteenth, nineteen, 19 20th, twentieth, twenty, 20 a d v e r t i s i n g , advertisement , adverts aeroplane, airplane africa, african, afro a l g e r i a , algerian alps, alpes, alpine aluminium, aluminum america, anencan arab, arabic, arabian argentina, argentiman a r i s t o t l e , aristotelean, aristotelian asia, asian athens, athenian australia, australian, australasia, australasian austria, austrian, austro bbc, british broadcasting corporation bcs, british computer society belgium, belgian bfi, british film institute bhs, british home stores bl, british leyland botb, british overseas trade board bnfl, british nuclear fuels limited, british nuclear fuels ltd, british nuclear fuels bolshevik, bolshevism br , british rail brazil, brazilian brecht , brechtian -167- (Appendix 5 bt, british telecom California, californian cambodia, Cambodian Canada, Canadian cba, cost benefit analysis cbi, confederation of british industries channel four, channel 4 child, children, childhood, chile, Chilean china, Chinese childish cia, central intelligence agency dp, city of London polytechnic end, campaign for nuclear disarmament communist party co, company conservative party, tory party Corsica, corsican cpsa, civil and public servants association cttee, committee cuba, cuban curriculum, curricula, curricular czar, csar, tsar, tzar Czechoslovakia, czech, Czechoslovak, czechoslovakian denmark, danish, dane dhss, department of health and social security doi, department of industry dti, department of trade and industry eec, european economic community eoc, equal opportunities commission egypt, egyptian england, english, anglo ethiopia, ethiopian europe, european facts of life fao, food and agriculture organisation fauve, fauvism finland, finnish flanders, flemish florence, florentine franee, french, francais freud, freudian gaol, jail gdp, gross domestic product general strike germany, german, germanic, germano, deutsch, deutschland gle, greater london council gnp, gross national product gov, govt, government greece, greek, grecian haiti, haitian hebrides, hebridean hegel, hegelian (Appendix 5 high school, secondary school Himalayas, Himalayan Holland, dutch, netherlands house of lords Hungary, Hungarian iba, independent broadcasting authority iceiand, Icelandic ici, imperial chemical industries imf, international monetary fund india, Indian, indo industrial relations industrial revolution iq, intelligence Quotient ira, irish republican amy iran, iraq, Iranian iraqi Israeli ireland, irish israel, italy, Italian, itatia, italiane, italiano ltn, independent television news japan, Japanese jung, jungian kenya, kenyan keynes , keynesian kibbutz, kibbutzim • klein, kleiman korea, korean labour party Ian, Local area network Ibc, london broadcasting company Ice, london county council lebanon, Lebanese liberal party library science, librananship transport Ise, london school of economics It, Ite, Iptb, London Ltd, limited machiavelli, machiavellian maff , ministry of agriculture fisheries and food malta, maltese man, men marcuse, marcusian marx, marxian, marxist maths, mathematics matrix, matrices mexico, mexican micro computers, microcomputers, micro-computers microelectronics , micro electronics, micro-electronics middle ages, medieval middle class milan, milanese mit , massachusetts institute of technology -169- Rppendix 5 movies, moving pictures mp, member of parliament napoleon, napoleonic nato, north atlantic treaty organisation neb, national coal board nccl, national council for civil liberties nelp, north east London polytechnic new york, ny new Zealand, nz nf, national front nft, national film theatre nhs, national health service nigeria, nigerian norway, norwegian, norse notting hill nspec, national society for the prevention of cruelty to children o and m, organisation and methods oecd, organisation for economic cooperation and development official secrets act opec , organisation of petroleum exporting countries ou, open university Palestine, Palestinian Paraguay, Paraguayan pans, parisian, parisien pavlov, pavtovian pel, polytechnic of central persia, persian London peru, peruvian phenomenon, phenomena pirate radio plo, Palestine liberation organisation pnl, polytechnic of north London poland, polish poly, polytechnic porn, porno, pornography Portugal, Portuguese prussia, prussian rspb, royal society for the protection of birds rspca, royal society for the prevention of cruelty to animals russia, russian, soviet, soviet union, ussr, union of soviet socialist scandmavia, Scandinavian Scotland, Scottish sdp, social democratic party republics serbocroat , serbo-croat, serbo croat , serbocroatian, serbo-croatian, serbo Croatian soap opera social science south america, latin america, south american, latin american south bank polytechnic, polytechnic of the south bank spain, Spanish, hispanic, espana standard deviation std, sexually transmitted diseases Sweden, Swedish Qppendix 5 Switzerland, Swiss swp, socialist workers party tanzania, tanzanian tax, taxation, taxable, under-developed tibet, tibetan taxability underdeveloped countries, thatcher , thatcherite, thatcherisw third world, under developed countries, countries, developing countries tuc, trade union congress turkey, turkish tv, television ucca, universities central council on admissions Uruguay, Uruguayan uk, united kingdom, britain, great britain, british isles, gb un, united nations us, usa, united states, united states of america utd, united uv, ultra violet, ultraviolet vat , value added tax vd, venereal disease vdu, vdt , visual display unit, visual display terminal venice, Venetian vienna, Viennese Vietnam, Vietnamese wales, welsh welfare state west indies, west indian wife, wives woman, women working class world war 1, world war one, world war 1, first 1939-45 war yugoslavia, yugoslav, yugoslavian z cars world war, 1st world war, 1914-18 w$r world war ii, world war two, world war 2~, second world war, 2nd world war, -171-